Legal Alternatives to Ostarine

legal alternatives to ostarine research

January 27th 2026

Ostarine, or MK-2866, has garnered attention for its muscle-building capabilities, making it a favored choice among athletes and bodybuilders. As a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), it targets muscle and bone tissues to enhance muscle growth and physical function, offering a safer alternative to anabolic steroids.

However, its controversial status and ban in competitive sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), alongside its unapproved status by the FDA, prompt many to seek legal alternatives. For those looking to achieve similar benefits without the legal and health risks, Brutal Force LIGABULK is the best legal alternative to Ostarine.

Brutal Force LIGABULK

91%
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Best ostarine alternative

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  • Legal ostarine alternatives can be as effective as ostarine in promoting muscle growth and improving physical function. Research suggests that alternatives such as ligandrol and RAD-140 offer similar muscle mass and strength benefits.
  • The safety of legal ostarine alternatives depends on factors such as dosage, duration of use, and individual health status. Studies have demonstrated the safety of these alternatives when used appropriately. Low doses and proper cycle lengths can minimize the risk of side effects and ensure safe use.
  • Our recommendation: Legal ostarine alternatives can be purchased from reputable supplement stores and online retailers. However, for a reliable and legal option specifically designed to provide muscle-building benefits, you can buy LIGABULK exclusively on the Brutal Force website.

Quick Decision Guide: Our Top-Rated Ostarine Alternative (DBULK)

Criteria

Brutal Force LIGABULK

Best ostarine alternative

Overall Rating

91%
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Main Benefits

Builds high quality muscle, supports strength increases, significantly decreases recovery time. Safe, natural and legal.

Scientific Backing

Strong

Formula Complexity

High, scientifically proven approach

Brand Reputation Concerns

None, praised for efficacy

Commitment Time For Results

Weeks, consistent use recommended for best results

User Reviews

Positive reviews with many users reporting noticeable increases in size and strength

Formula Complexity

Clear information on dosages

Potential Side Effects

None, well-tolerated

Customer Support & Returns Policy

Excellent, with a 100 day money-back guarantee

Product Availability

Available through the official site only

Additional Benefits

Increases energy and supports overall motivation

Cost

Mid-range

Serving Size

3 capsules

Servings Per Container

30

Price

What is Ostarine?

Ostarine, also known as MK-2866, is a type of selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). These compounds are designed to mimic the effects of anabolic steroids, specifically targeting androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissue to promote muscle growth and improve physical function.

Unlike anabolic steroids, SARMs like ostarine are selective in their action, meaning they primarily affect muscle and bone without significantly impacting other tissues, reducing the likelihood of side effects.

Ostarine is particularly popular among athletes and bodybuilders for its potential to increase lean body mass and enhance muscle tissue without the adverse effects typically associated with traditional steroids. It works by binding to androgen receptors in skeletal muscle, increasing protein synthesis and promoting muscle growth.

Despite its effectiveness, ostarine is not without controversy. Organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ban its use in competitive sports due to its performance-enhancing effects.

Additionally, ostarine is classified as an investigational drug and is not approved for human use by the FDA. This regulatory status and potential health risks drive many individuals to seek legal alternatives.

The search for legal alternatives to ostarine is motivated by the desire to achieve similar muscle-building benefits without legal or health-related consequences. These alternatives often include natural supplements, specific exercises, and dietary adjustments to promote muscle growth and improve body composition.

The Benefits and Risks of Ostarine

Muscle Growth and Physical Function Improvements

One of the primary benefits of ostarine is its ability to enhance muscle mass and significantly improve physical function. This is achieved through its selective action on androgen receptors in muscle tissue, stimulating muscle growth and increasing strength. Users often report noticeable gains in muscle size and performance within a short period, making ostarine a popular choice for those looking to build muscle quickly.

Ostarine’s ability to improve physical function extends beyond muscle growth. It has been shown to aid in muscle recovery, reduce muscle wasting, and improve overall physical performance. These effects make it particularly appealing to athletes and individuals recovering from injuries or suffering from conditions that lead to muscle loss.

Potential Health Risks and Side Effects

Despite its benefits, ostarine carries potential health risks and side effects. One of the primary concerns is its impact on the prostate. Although ostarine is selective in its action, there is still a risk of prostate growth, which can lead to serious health issues.

Ostarine can also interact with other medications, leading to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. This is particularly concerning for individuals taking medications for chronic conditions. Additionally, there are concerns about its potential link to breast cancer, as some studies suggest that SARMs may promote the growth of breast tissue.

The risk of side effects is further complicated by the lack of long-term studies on ostarine’s safety. While short-term use appears relatively safe, the long-term consequences are still unknown, leading many to seek safer, legal alternatives.

Natural Alternatives to Ostarine for Building Muscle

Resistance Training and Progressive Overload

Resistance training is one of the most effective natural alternatives to ostarine for increasing lean body mass, mainly through the principle of progressive overload. This involves gradually increasing the weight, frequency, or number of repetitions in strength training exercises to challenge skeletal muscle and stimulate growth continually.

Resistance training targets muscle wasting by promoting muscle hypertrophy, enhancing muscle strength, and improving overall physical function. Exercises such as weight lifting, squats, deadlifts, and bench presses efficiently stimulate androgen receptors in the muscles, increasing muscle mass and strength.

Protein-rich diet and Nutritional Supplements

Another natural alternative to ostarine involves dietary changes, explicitly increasing protein intake. A protein-rich diet supports muscle growth by enhancing protein synthesis and body composition. Consuming adequate protein is crucial for building and maintaining lean body mass.

In addition to dietary protein, nutritional supplements such as whey protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and creatine can further support muscle growth. These legal and widely available supplements make them a practical alternative to ostarine. They help improve lean body mass, support muscle recovery, and enhance overall physical performance without the risks associated with investigational drugs.

Legal SARM Alternatives to Ostarine

Ligandrol (LGD-4033)

Ligandrol, also known as LGD-4033, is another popular SARM often considered a legal alternative to ostarine. It is known for its potent effects on muscle tissue, significantly improving muscle strength and overall physical function. Ligandrol works similarly to ostarine by binding to androgen receptors in muscle tissue, promoting muscle growth and stability.

Studies have shown that ligandrol can effectively increase muscle mass in healthy elderly men, making it a promising option for improving muscle tissue. It has a favorable safety profile compared to ostarine, with fewer reported side effects, making it a safer alternative for long-term use.

Other SARM Options and Their Effects

In addition to ligandrol, there are other SARM options available that can serve as legal alternatives to ostarine. These include compounds such as RAD-140 and S-23, which have shown promising results in clinical trials. These SARMs modulate androgen receptors, promoting muscle growth and improving physical function.

For example, RAD-140 has been studied for its effects on muscle tissue in healthy postmenopausal women, showing positive muscle growth and strength results. Similarly, S-23 has potent effects in testosterone administration, promoting muscle mass and physical performance.

These SARMs offer viable alternatives to ostarine, providing muscle-building benefits without the associated risks. However, while they are considered legal alternatives, their long-term safety and efficacy are still under investigation.

Ligandrol (LGD-4033)

Ligandrol, also known as LGD-4033, is another popular SARM often considered a legal alternative to ostarine. It is known for its potent effects on muscle tissue, significantly improving muscle strength and overall physical function. Ligandrol works similarly to ostarine by binding to androgen receptors in muscle tissue, promoting muscle growth and stability.

Studies have shown that ligandrol can effectively increase muscle mass in healthy elderly men, making it a promising option for improving muscle tissue. It has a favorable safety profile compared to ostarine, with fewer reported side effects, making it a safer alternative for long-term use.

Other SARM Options and Their Effects

In addition to ligandrol, there are other SARM options available that can serve as legal alternatives to ostarine. These include compounds such as RAD-140 and S-23, which have shown promising results in clinical trials. These SARMs modulate androgen receptors, promoting muscle growth and improving physical function.

For example, RAD-140 has been studied for its effects on muscle tissue in healthy postmenopausal women, showing positive muscle growth and strength results. Similarly, S-23 has potent effects in testosterone administration, promoting muscle mass and physical performance.

These SARMs offer viable alternatives to ostarine, providing muscle-building benefits without the associated risks. However, while they are considered legal alternatives, their long-term safety and efficacy are still under investigation.

Non-SARM Alternatives to Ostarine

Natural Testosterone Boosters

For those seeking non-SARM alternatives to ostarine, natural testosterone boosters can be a practical option. These supplements aim to increase the body’s natural production of testosterone, which plays a crucial role in muscle growth and physical performance. Natural testosterone boosters are particularly beneficial for postmenopausal women and individuals with low testosterone levels. The best natural testosterone booster we've tested is Testogen.

Natural testosterone boosters commonly use ingredients such as fenugreek, ashwagandha, and D-aspartic acid. These compounds have been shown to enhance anabolic activity, improve body weight, and support muscle growth. Additionally, they are considered safe and legal, making them a practical alternative to ostarine.

Other Compounds for Muscle Growth and Performance

Other compounds, in addition to testosterone boosters, can help improve muscle growth and physical performance. These include natural supplements like beta-alanine, HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate), and nitric oxide boosters. These compounds enhance muscle endurance, reduce muscle breakdown, and improve blood flow.

For example, beta-alanine is known for its ability to increase muscle endurance and reduce fatigue, making it a popular choice among athletes. HMB has been shown to support muscle growth and prevent muscle loss, particularly in individuals undergoing rigorous training or suffering from muscle-wasting conditions. These natural alternatives offer safe and effective options for improving muscle growth and performance without using investigational drugs like ostarine MK.

The Legality and Regulation of Ostarine and Its Alternatives

Legal Status and Regulation of Ostarine

Ostarine’s legal status varies by country, but it is generally classified as an investigational drug and is not approved for human use by the FDA. Due to its performance-enhancing effects, organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ban its use in competitive sports. Ostarine is currently in clinical development for potential medical applications but is not legally available for general use.

The regulation of ostarine is primarily focused on preventing its misuse for muscle building and performance enhancement. Its classification as a selective androgen receptor modulator targets androgen-sensitive tissues, which can have significant physiological effects. This regulatory status highlights the need for caution and consideration when using ostarine, as its long-term safety and efficacy are still under investigation.

Legal Implications of Using Banned Substances

Using banned substances like ostarine can have serious legal implications. Athletes found to be using ostarine or other banned substances may face suspensions, fines, and damage to their reputations. Additionally, the use of banned substances can lead to legal consequences, including potential criminal charges.

The legal implications extend beyond competitive sports. Individuals using ostarine without a prescription may also face legal consequences, mainly if the substance is obtained illegally. It is essential to be aware of the legal status of ostarine and its alternatives to avoid potential legal issues.

Ostarine legal alternatives safe
Best ostarine alternatives

The Science Behind Ostarine and Its Alternatives

Research on Ostarine’s Effects

Scientific research on ostarine has focused on its potential benefits for muscle growth, body composition, and overall health. Ostarine binds to androgen receptors in muscle tissue, increasing protein synthesis and muscle growth. Studies have shown that ostarine can effectively increase muscle mass and strength in various populations, including those with muscle-wasting conditions.

Research has also explored the effects of ostarine on bone health. Ostarine has been shown to reduce bone loss and improve bone density, making it a potential treatment for conditions such as osteoporosis. However, concerns remain about its impact on prostate weight and the potential for long-term side effects, highlighting the need for further research.

Studies on Alternative Compounds

In addition to ostarine, studies have investigated the effects of alternative compounds on muscle growth and body composition. Higher doses of SARMs such as ligandrol and RAD-140 have shown promising results in clinical trials, demonstrating their potential to improve muscle mass and strength.

Research on alternative compounds has also included animal studies. For example, studies on healthy young men and rat models have provided insights into the efficacy and safety of these compounds. Ovariectomized rat models have been used to study the effects of SARMs on bone health, providing valuable information on their potential therapeutic applications.

Alternatives for Bulking and Muscle Gain

When choosing an alternative to ostarine for bulking and muscle gain, it is essential to consider factors such as effectiveness and safety. Alternatives such as ligandrol, and RAD-140 offer similar muscle-building benefits without the risks associated with ostarine. Studies have shown these compounds to increase muscle mass, indicating their potential for promoting muscle growth.

While these alternatives can provide similar effects as ostarine, it is crucial to be aware of potential adverse effects. Some users may experience side effects such as headaches, nausea, and hormonal imbalances. Choosing a legal alternative that aligns with your goals and health status is crucial for achieving the desired results. One such legal alternative is LIGABULK from Brutal Force which benefits muscle-building without the associated legal and health risks.

Safety Precautions and Considerations

Proper Dosing and Cycle Lengths

When using ostarine alternatives, following proper dosing and cycle lengths is essential to minimize the risk of side effects. Appropriate dosing can achieve beneficial effects, while excessive use can lead to adverse effects. Adhering to recommended dosages and avoiding prolonged cycles is crucial to preventing potential health issues.

Monitoring Side Effects and Health Markers

Monitoring side effects and health markers is essential when using ostarine alternatives. Regular health check-ups and blood tests can help identify potential issues early on and ensure the alternatives are used safely. It is necessary to be aware of possible side effects such as hormonal imbalances, liver toxicity, and cardiovascular issues.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Ostarine Alternatives

Are Legal Ostarine Alternatives as Effective as Ostarine?

Legal ostarine alternatives can be as effective as ostarine in promoting muscle growth and improving physical function. Research suggests that alternatives such as ligandrol and RAD-140 offer similar muscle mass and strength benefits.

How Safe Are Legal Ostarine Alternatives?

The safety of legal ostarine alternatives depends on factors such as dosage, duration of use, and individual health status. Studies have demonstrated the safety of these alternatives when used appropriately. Low doses and proper cycle lengths can minimize the risk of side effects and ensure safe use.

Where Can I Purchase Legal Ostarine Alternatives?

Legal ostarine alternatives can be purchased from reputable supplement stores and online retailers. However, for a reliable and legal option specifically designed to provide muscle-building benefits, you can buy LIGABULK exclusively on the Brutal Force website.

Overall Recommendation

Brutal Force LIGABULK

91%
Fill Counter

Overall Rating

Best ostarine alternative

Our Recommendation



  • Legal ostarine alternatives can be as effective as ostarine in promoting muscle growth and improving physical function. Research suggests that alternatives such as ligandrol and RAD-140 offer similar muscle mass and strength benefits.
  • The safety of legal ostarine alternatives depends on factors such as dosage, duration of use, and individual health status. Studies have demonstrated the safety of these alternatives when used appropriately. Low doses and proper cycle lengths can minimize the risk of side effects and ensure safe use.
  • Our recommendation: Legal ostarine alternatives can be purchased from reputable supplement stores and online retailers. However, for a reliable and legal option specifically designed to provide muscle-building benefits, you can buy LIGABULK exclusively on the Brutal Force website.

Final Thoughts on Legal Ostarine Alternatives

In conclusion, legal alternatives to ostarine are viable for those looking to improve muscle mass, lean body mass, and overall physical function. 

These alternatives, including natural supplements, specific exercises, and dietary changes, provide practical and safer options than ostarine. While ostarine and other selective androgen receptor modulators have shown potential benefits, their regulatory status and associated risks drive the need for legal alternatives.

For those seeking a legal and safe alternative to ostarine, consider LIGABULK from Brutal Force. LIGABULK mimics the muscle-building benefits of the popular SARM, but with all-natural ingredients, it has none of the nasty side effects.

References

1) Dalton JT, Barnette KG, Bohl CE, Hancock ML, Rodriguez D, Dodson ST, Morton RA, Steiner MS.
The selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024 (enobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women.
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2011;2:153–161.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-011-0034-6

2) Dobs AS, Boccia RV, Croot CC, Gabrail NY, Dalton JT, Hancock ML, Johnston MA, Steiner MS.
Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2 trial.
The Lancet Oncology. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70055-X

3) Palmieri C, et al.
Enobosarm in androgen receptor–positive breast cancer (trial report in The Lancet Oncology). 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00004-4

4) Coss CC, Jones A, Dalton JT.
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of enobosarm (GTx-024) with itraconazole, rifampin, probenecid, celecoxib, and rosuvastatin.
Investigational New Drugs. 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-016-0353-8

5) Zilbermint MF, Dobs AS.
Nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine in cancer cachexia.
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https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.09.106

6) Dubois V, Simitsidellis I, Laurent MR, Jardi F, Saunders PTK, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F.
Enobosarm (GTx-024) modulates adult skeletal muscle mass independently of the androgen receptor in the satellite cell lineage.
Endocrinology. 2015;156:4522–4533.
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7) Hoffmann DB, Komrakova M, Pflug S, von Oertzen M, Saul D, Weiser L, et al.
Evaluation of ostarine as a selective androgen receptor modulator in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2019;37:243–255.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-018-0929-9

8) Komrakova M, Nagel J, Hoffmann DB, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S.
The selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine improves bone healing in ovariectomized rats.
Calcified Tissue International. 2019/2020.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00613-1

9) Komrakova M, Nagel J, Hoffmann DB, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S.
Effect of selective androgen receptor modulator enobosarm on bone healing in a rat model for aged male osteoporosis.
Calcified Tissue International. 2020;107:593–602.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00751-x

10) Roch PJ, Henkies M, Carstens M, et al.
Ostarine and ligandrol improve muscle tissue in an ovariectomized rat model.
Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020;11:556581.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.556581

11) Leciejewska N, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, et al.
Effect of ostarine (enobosarm/GTX024), a selective androgen receptor modulator, on adipocyte metabolism in Wistar rats.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2019;70(4).
https://doi.org/10.26402/jpp.2019.4.04

12) Leciejewska N, Kołodziejski PA, Sassek M, Nogowski L, Małek E, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E.
Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(8):4404.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084404

13) Taoussi O, et al.
In Vitro and In Vivo Human Metabolism of Ostarine, a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(14):7807.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147807

14) Walpurgis K, et al.
Elimination profiles of microdosed ostarine (enobosarm) in human urine for sports drug testing (Drug Test Anal).
Drug Testing and Analysis. 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2933

15) Kintz P, et al.
Detection of ostarine (S-22 / enobosarm) in nails and hair (high-resolution MS).
Drug Testing and Analysis. 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2902

16) Hansson A, Knych HK, Stanley SD, Thevis M, Bondesson U, Hedeland M.
Rapid screening of S1, S4 and S22 (ostarine/enobosarm) in equine plasma using LC–MS/MS.
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7512

17) Garg U, et al.
Human metabolite identification / structural elucidation for ostarine-related biotransformations.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7OB03030D

18) De Rijke E, et al.
In vitro and in vivo metabolism and analysis of selective androgen receptor modulators (incl. ostarine/enobosarm) in doping control context.
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.810346

19) Thevis M, et al.
Detection / characterization of urinary metabolites of S-22 (ostarine/enobosarm) for doping control.
Drug Testing and Analysis. 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.211

20) Thevis M, et al.
Further metabolite characterization / detection strategy for ostarine (S-22) in human urine.
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5100

21) Kintz P, et al.
The forensic response after an adverse analytical finding involving SARMs (incl. ostarine) (clinical/analytical discussion).
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114433

22) Kintz P, Gheddar L, Paradis C, Chinellato M, Ameline A, Raul JS, Oliva-Labadie M.
PPAR-δ agonist and SARM abuse: case involving GW1516 (Cardarine) and MK2866 (Ostarine).
Toxics. 2021;9(10):251.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100251

23) Weinblatt D, Roy S.
Drug-induced liver injury secondary to enobosarm (ostarine): case report.
Journal of Medical Cases. 2022;13(5):244–248.
https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3937

24) Bedi H, Hammond C, Sanders D, Yang HM, Yoshida EM.
Drug-induced liver injury from enobosarm (ostarine), a selective androgen receptor modulator.
ACG Case Reports Journal. 2021;8(1):e00518.
https://doi.org/10.14309/crj.0000000000000518

25) Koller T, Vrbova P, Meciarova I, Molcan P, Smitka M, Adamcova Selcanova S, Skladany L.
Liver injury associated with the use of selective androgen receptor modulators and post-cycle therapy: two case reports and literature review.
World Journal of Clinical Cases. 2021;9(16):4062–4071.
https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i16.4062

26) Flores JE, Chitturi S, Walker S.
Drug-induced liver injury by selective androgenic receptor modulators (includes ostarine in discussion).
Hepatology Communications. 2020;4(3):450–452.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1456

27) Van Wagoner RM, et al. (JAMA research letter group)
Chemical composition and labeling of substances marketed as selective androgen receptor modulators and sold via the internet (includes ostarine/MK-2866).
JAMA. 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.17069

28) Christiansen AR, Lipshultz LI, Hotaling JM, Pastuszak AW.
Selective androgen receptor modulators: the future of androgen therapy? (includes enobosarm/ostarine).
Translational Andrology and Urology. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S135–S148.
https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.11.02

29) Narayanan R, Coss CC, Dalton JT.
Development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) (covers enobosarm/ostarine development context).
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2018;465:134–142.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.013

30) Segal S, Narayanan R, Dalton JT.
Therapeutic potential of the SARMs: revisiting the androgen receptor for drug discovery (includes enobosarm-class agents).
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2006;15(4):377–387.
https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.15.4.377

31) Kearbey JD, Gao W, Narayanan R, Fisher SJ, Wu D, Miller DD, Dalton JT.
Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) treatment prevents bone loss and reduces body fat in ovariectomized rats (Dalton group; SARM platform leading to enobosarm).
Pharmaceutical Research. 2007;24:328–335.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-9152-9

32) Miner JN, Chang W, Chapman MS, Finn PD, Hong MH, Lopez FJ, Marschke KB, Rosen J, Schrader W, Turner R, et al.
An orally active selective androgen receptor modulator is efficacious on bone, muscle, and sex function with reduced impact on prostate (SARM class; relevant comparator context to ostarine/enobosarm).
Endocrinology. 2007;148:363–373.
https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0793

33) Lee BK, Park BB, Bower RJ.
Selective androgen receptor modulator-induced liver injury in active duty male.
Military Medicine. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usac039

34) Lam H, Wong S.
“At what cost: drug-induced liver injury secondary to selective androgen receptor modulator.” (abstract; SARM AE literature where ostarine is commonly implicated)
American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021.
https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000784452.64316.30

35) Akhtar N, Locke D, Stine J.
“Harm by SARM: a case of drug-induced liver injury in an amateur bodybuilder.” (abstract; SARM AE literature where ostarine is commonly implicated)
American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021.
https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000784936.08024.c4


• US FDA consumer warning about SARMs (incl. ostarine/MK-2866) and safety concerns:
https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults
(FDA explicitly warns about SARMs and notes ongoing adverse event reports.)

• US FDA warning letter explicitly naming “MK-2866 (Ostarine/Enobosarm)” sold in the US:
https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/atomix-llc-719111-12122025


• US FDA warning letter example (2017) referencing MK-2866 products and FD&C Act violations:
https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/infantry-labs-llc-535333-10232017

• World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List hub (SARMs incl. enobosarm/ostarine are prohibited):
https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list


• UK Anti-Doping (UKAD) substance info page specifically for ostarine (enobosarm/MK-2866):
https://www.ukad.org.uk/ostarine