Testogen Review - Researched & Tested

February 2nd, 2026
In this Testogen review, I'll test and assess the brand new Testogen 4.0 formulation. I'll go over what's new, the research behind the ingredients, and most importantly test the product directly myself. Testogen has been around for many years and is well-known as one of the longest established and best-selling testosterone support supplements (colloquially known as testosterone boosters, or test boosters). In its newest iteration, Testogen continues to include a market leading amount of D-aspartic acid, but also brings in a number of new ingredients and premium extracts (1,2). I'll review the human data on the effectiveness of each ingredient, as well as the synergies between them. In my view it's currently the product to beat, read on to find out why.
Testogen
Overall Rating

Overall Verdict
Quick Decision Guide: Our Top-Rated Testosterone Booster (Testogen)
Criteria | Testogen ![]() |
|---|---|
Overall Rating | 90%
Fill Counter
|
Main Benefits | Supports increases in T-levels. Notable increase in energy, increased drive, libido, supports muscle growth. |
Scientific Backing | Ingredients are well-studied and supported by clinical trials |
Formula Complexity | High, science-led, with transparent ingredient list and clear dosages for each ingredient |
Brand Reputation Concerns | None, praised for efficacy |
Commitment Time For Results | Weeks, consistent use recommended for best results |
User Reviews | Predominantly positive reviews |
Potential Side Effects | None, well-tolerated |
Customer Support & Returns Policy | Excellent, with 100 day money-back guarantee |
Product Availability | Available through the official site only |
Additional Benefits | Clean ingredient profile (no fillers, no magnesium stearate, no silicon dioxide) |
Cost | Mid-range |
Serving Size | 4 capsules |
Servings Per Container | 30 |
Price |
What Should You Look For In Testosterone Boosters?
Testosterone boosters exist for a very good reason – a lot of us feel sort of… off… a long time before any actual symptoms present themselves. Energy dips; training is harder to recover from; libido lacks consistency; brain fog descends and focus blunts. And on and on. This typically begins in our mid-thirties (though not always) and carries on as we age, exacerbated by things like stress, poor sleep, poor diet, and modern lifestyles. [1,18,26]
Plenty of supplement companies have picked up on this and given us testosterone boosters, designed to bolster natural testosterone output whilst overcoming some of the side effects associated with low testosterone levels. However, plenty fail because their formulas aren’t great – many simply don’t line up with how testosterone physiology actually works. [18,39]
Testogen is a little different. It claims to support testosterone production, free testosterone availability, energy, strength, and libido, and it uses clinically relevant doses, premium extracts, and a fully transparent label (which is pretty rare). [4,6,14,35,39]
Do they manage it? Have they given us a product truly able to support healthy testosterone output and improve your overall health? Let’s take a look, ingredient by ingredient, and check out the plausibility of its claims, and look into side effects and limitations. I’ll even share my own experience using it (spoilers: I like it a lot).
What Is Testogen?
Testogen is a testosterone support supplement that's been around for a long time. It was one of the very first supplement brands in the testosterone support category and has been a market leader for the past 11 years or so. Testogen claims to be effective in targeting the symptoms of low testosterone, such as diminished energy, reduced libido, reduced physical strength and lower motivation. The brand claims that a large number of men have found the product to be effective in helping restore drive and regaining energy and vigor. The brand has just released its latest 4th generation formulation, and at first glance the ingredient line-up and doses looks very compelling. The category leading amount of D-Aspartic Acid remains, but the formula has been further strengthened with category leading amounts of Vitamins D3 and K2, as well as higher doses of Panax Ginseng and Fenugreek extract (3,4). Unusually for the category, the brand has also invested heavily in moving to a clean ingredient profile with no silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate or fillers.
Testogen's 4th generation formula is a capsule full of ingredients designed to help you bolster natural testosterone output and overcome the side effects of lower testosterone levels. It's aimed at those with normal if slightly lagging testosterone output (somewhere towards the lower end of the healthy range – about 10-35 nmol/L). You should be looking at improvements to testosterone production and free testosterone availability, as well as the downstream effects of healthy androgen levels, including the likes of energy, strength, libido, and mental clarity. [18,26]
Testogen’s newest formula is at the very top end of the testosterone booster market in terms of formulation, but the price point remains accessible. I’d be happy with anyone claiming it’s the best right now. It avoids proprietary blends, which is a massive plus in a market in which these kinds of obfuscating tactics are common – we know exactly how much of each ingredient we’re getting with each dose. [39]
The formula itself gives us three broad categories of ingredients:
- Testosterone signalling support, primarily via a high-dose D-Aspartic Acid base [4,5]
- Stress and vitality adaptogens, including KSM-66 ashwagandha and Panax ginseng [6,36,37]
- Hormone-relevant micronutrients, such as vitamin D3, zinc, magnesium, boron, and vitamin K2 [14,27,32,35,38]
Though Testogen bills itself as a natural testosterone booster, its formula is actually a little subtler than this, more nuanced (in a good way). It supports testosterone physiology rather than forcing acute hormonal spikes; it’s also free from synthetic hormones, is stimulant-free, and is designed to be used daily over a longer period – or even indefinitely [18,39].
Testogen’s new formula pushes the envelope a bit. It does what most testosterone boosters only pretend to do. Notably, Testogen emphasises ingredient quality and bioavailable mineral forms. It uses premium branded or standardised extracts where they’re available. [27,35,38] It offers clinical- range dosing and premium extract standardisation, with the headline perhaps being the 2,025 mg of DAA that you now get. This is a solid dose, one that the human literature supports, rather than simply being the kind of tokenistic pixie dusting that other supplements bring to the table [4,5].
I was also pleased to see that Testogen’s new formula also contains an unusually complete hormone support micronutrient profile, including vitamin D3 (100 mcg), zinc (25 mg), magnesium (bisglycinate + citrate), boron (5 mg), and vitamin K2 (90 mcg). These vitamins and minerals are vital to testosterone status and bioavailability, with deficiency often being ruinous to natural output [8,13,14,21,27,32,35,38]. The adaptogens used are also driven by the clinical evidence, featuring KSM-66 Ashwagandha and Panax ginseng, both of which have human data supporting stress reduction, vitality, and indirect testosterone support [6,7,36,37].
Overall, it’s an incredibly well-rounded formula. The key question, of course, is whether the science and real-world experience align [37,39].
Testogen Claims And My Assessment
Testogen’s marketing centers around four main claims, that it can:
- Support testosterone production
- Improve energy and physical performance
- Enhance libido and sexual function
- Promote overall male vitality and well-being
The first and arguably most important of these, Testogen’s ability to bolster natural testosterone production, rests primarily on its on D-Aspartic Acid, vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, and boron content. There is a good deal of plausibility here. DAA plays a role in luteinising hormone signalling, making it a very potent ingredient for raising testosterone output. The micronutrients are repeatedly associated with testosterone status; however, they typically only make a difference to people with pre-existing deficiencies and won’t do much for anybody with already healthy levels. [4,14,27,32,35] This micronutrient profile is a good cover-all base, but mostly we’re looking at the DAA content for the bulk of our testosterone boosting benefits.
The energy and performance claims are a little less direct. Ashwagandha and ginseng don’t boost testosterone output in a narrow sense, but they can reduce stress-related suppression, support energy metabolism, and improve perceived vitality. Magnesium and vitamin D further support neuromuscular and metabolic function. [6,7,14,27,36]
This is all as we would want it, though. Higher testosterone output will naturally lead to more energy and improved performance, so making room for higher output is key.
The libido support relies on a couple of pathways. Firstly, higher testosterone output will naturally mean improved libido. Then there is the fenugreek, ginseng, and zinc, which all plausibly contribute to libido health. Importantly, nothing here relies on stimulants or PDE-5-style effects, which may dim down very early results a little, but makes it all far more natural and sustainable. [10,11,28,37]
Finally, vitality is a difficult one. How does one measure it, other than through perception? It’s nevertheless incredibly important, and higher testosterone output will support it. So too will stress management, micronutrient sufficiency, and improved energy and recovery, all of which influence how we feel day to day without being particularly objective [18,30,36]
And, clearly, Testogen supports all of these elements of well-being.
So, all told, the claims revolving around Testogen are pretty restrained – it doesn’t promise the Earth, nor should it. They are, however, highly useful, will make a great difference if true, are biologically plausible (so probably are true), and line up well with the ingredients included. This alone puts Testogen head and shoulders above most of its competition. [37,39]
My Experience With Testogen
I’ve used Testogen a few times over the years, including a couple of older iterations. I was, therefore, excited to try the new formula.
My baseline testosterone output tends to the lower end and I’m in my mid-thirties, even though I lift weights, eat well, get plenty of sleep (though as a newish dad, not as much as I used to!), and keep tabs on my anxiety levels.
I am, in other words, kind of Testogen’s perfect test subject.
The first thing I noticed was my energy levels. There was no great surge (or nothing beyond my penchant for espresso typically delivers). Rather, I noticed that my energy levels flattened out (in a good way), becoming far more stable. My energy, especially my morning energy, felt far more predictable. Everyday effort was a little smoother, especially training and playing with my daughter. It was all just less of a grind, which was lovely. It came within the first 2-3 weeks, with sleep quality improving a little, and mostly simply being on a bit of a low high, no jitters or crashes [6,27,36]. My digestive tolerance was good in this time, with no nausea or discomfort, no real side effects to speak of [39].
Other changes came into play a little later, around the 3-4 week mark. My libido was pretty consistent, which was novel and nice. I felt far steadier in my mood, especially during work hours or when I would otherwise be stressed. My training recovery was good, probably better than usual, with less fatigue and (marginally) lower rates of DOMS after heavier sessions [6,10,28,36].
There was no great improvement in the gym – I didn’t add 20kg to my deadlift overnight. This isn’t the point, though. I’m not taking exogenous steroids, here. I’m looking for natural, longer-lasting health, and this showed. Performance felt easier to maintain week on week, starting around the fourth week, which is far better for long-term results. This also helps to put you into a virtuous cycle – hard training itself can boost testosterone output, anything that makes training and recovery more consistent has immense practical value. [30]
Benefits plateaued a little after this, which is what you would expect at this point from this kind of higher-end testosterone booster. They were consistent, they were there, just sort of chugging along rather than making me feel born again or anything dramatic like that. [18,37]
Crucially, I didn’t experience any downsides (other than the cost, which is always a thing!) No mood changes, sleep disruption, or irritability. No nausea, nothing nasty. [19,39]
Overall, then, Testogen in its 4th generation iteration is very helpful supplement. It’s no rocket booster, but rather a glider that will support you well in your daily life. It quietly improves how your system functions rather than being any kind of revolution or revelation – and for this, it gets full marks. [37,39]
Testogen - Pros and Cons
Cons
Testogen Ingredient review – scientific assessment
- Vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) (100 mcg / 4,000 IU)
- Vitamin K2 (as MK-7) (90 mcg)
- Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5-phosphate) (8 mg)
- Magnesium (as magnesium bisglycinate & magnesium citrate) (80 mg)
- Zinc (as zinc monomethionine) (25 mg)
- Copper (as copper bisglycinate) (0.5 mg)
- D-Aspartic Acid (2025 mg)
- KSM-66® Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract (200 mg)
- Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) whole plant extract (standardised to 5% ginsenosides) (100 mg)
- Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract (100 mg)
- Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) root 10:1 extract (80 mg)
- BioPerine® black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruit extract (standardised to 95% piperine) (7 mg)
- Boron (as boron bisglycinate) (5 mg)
- Other ingredients: Vegetable cellulose (capsule), Nu-Flow® rice hull concentrate.
Testogen’s strength, obviously, comes from the ingredients in its formula, all of which are well- selected, dosed, and combined [37].
As we’ve seen, DAA is the cornerstone, included here at a highly usable 2,2025 mg. Many supplements give you DAA at token doses, so it’s there but highly ineffectual. Testogen uses a genuinely clinical-range amount, consistent with studies examining testosterone signalling via luteinising hormone. This alone differentiates the formula and makes for a big win. [4,5]
Vitamin D3, included at 100 mcg, is also important. It’s a hormone-adjacent nutrient which has been tightly linked to testosterone status. The dose you get is high enough (again, a rarity, very nicely played), especially for men with lower sun exposure (I live in Scotland, so fantastic for me). [14,21,31]
Zinc is crucial. It’s one of those that will do little for most men, but some men are deficient and it will revolutionise their health and wellbeing. It’s a core mineral for androgen metabolism and steroid-binding dynamics, and you get a solid dose of 25 mg with every Testogen serving. [8,35]
Magnesium and boron are similar. They are both solid for testosterone output, but will generally only benefit those with preexisting deficiencies – in these cases, you’ll see higher output alongside improved performance recovery. [13, 27,32] You get 80 mg of magnesium and 5 mg of boron, both highly workable doses.
Meanwhile, you get 0.5 mg of copper, which I’ve not seen too often in testosterone boosters - but in many cases should be included. Copper helps to balance zinc intake and supports enzymatic function, which is important because long-term zinc supplementation can raise copper-deficiency risk in some contexts. Just another example of how well-thought-out this whole formula is. [2,22]
Vitamin K2, dosed here at 90 mcg, is often overlooked. It’s a good support nutrient for complementing vitamin D. [38]
Then we come to the ashwagandha and panax ginseng, two of my favourite supplement ingredients. You get 200 mg of KSM-66, a premium, standardised ashwagandha extract, which should help with stress reduction and hormonal/vitality outcomes as one of the best adaptogens going. [6,7,36] You get 100 mg of panax ginseng, of which ≥5% ginsenosides – again, a premium dose and a premium standardized extract handled very well. It’s another great adaptogen, with benefits on energy, libido, and vitality [28,36,37]
Finally, we have a couple of extracts in fenugreek (100 mg, ≥50% saponins) and nettle root (80 mg, 10:1). Fenugreek plays a role in libido support and perceived vitality, without affecting testosterone directly, so you should think of it as playing a good supporting role, here. [10,11]. Nettle root extract plays on SHBG and free testosterone availability, so another solid support (if not the main event). [18,37]
Testogen makes good use of black pepper extract (7 mg, 95% piperine) to support overall ingredient absorption [20]
The formula misses nothing critical and avoids unnecessary fluff. Every inclusion has a plausible rationale, and I really, really like it. [37,39]

Testogen Side Effects
There are some possible side effects associated with Testogen, though they are both rare and mild. In rare cases it may be possible to experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, during the first week. It will typically resolve itself as your body adapts. [39]
DAA can potentially cause some users to experience mild headaches and/or irritability, especially at higher doses, but can be mitigated by DAA cycling in necessary. [4,5] Adaptogens (like ashwagandha and ginseng) may disrupt sleep or mood balance in some people, though this is uncommon at the kinds of doses we see in Testogen - for most people this is easily mitigated by taking the supplement in the morning as directed [6,7,36].
Testogen does not contain stimulants, which further reduces the risk of side effects for the majority of users. [39]
Overall Results
Testogen
Overall Rating

Overall Verdict
Overall Verdict and Recommendation
Testogen is a rare example of a testosterone supplement that is led by the research it implicitly relies on. [4,6,14,37] Furthermore, it’s clear that in this 4th generation version, the R&D team behind the product are tracking and implementing the very latest clinical research in this new formula.
It rests on a very, very solid foundation. It supports testosterone signalling with a workable, high quality DAA dose, addresses the common micronutrient gaps commonly associated with low testosterone output (zinc, magnesium, etc), and includes a good quality adaptogen complex in ashwagandha and ginseng for bringing down stress, and thus stress-related testosterone suppression. [4,6,14,27,36]
Everything is by the book – literally. It takes up to date research and complies with it admirably. And this shows in the final measure: having used it, I have no problem recommending it to any man wanting to stay in their best health. Don’t expect overnight miracles, as no natural testosterone booster will deliver them. However, if you want a solid, well researched, high quality, natural supplement to support hormone health whilst helping you to stay calm, energised, and focused, this brand new, cutting-edge 4th generation Testogen formula is the one to beat.
References
- Male menopause: Myth vs. fact. (2014). The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(10), 49A–50A.
- Hoffman, H. N., Phyliky, R. L., & Fleming, C. (1988). Zinc-induced copper deficiency. Gastroenterology, 94(2), 508-512.
- Qaseem, A., Horwitch, C.A., Vijan, S., Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, I., & Kansagara, D., for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. (2020). Testosterone treatment in adult men with age-related low testosterone: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172, 126-133.
- Topo, E., Soricelli, A., D’Aniello, A., Rosini, S., & D’Aniello, G. (2009). The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 7, 120.
- Melville, G. W., Siegler, J. C., & Marshall, P. W. (2015). Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12.
- Lopresti, A. L., Drummond, P. D., & Smith, S. J. (2019). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the hormonal and vitality effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in aging, overweight males. American Journal of Men's Health, 13(2).
- Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255-262.
- Hammond, G., Avvakumov, G., & Antonetti, Y. (2003). Structure/function analyses of human sex hormone-binding globulin: Effects of zinc on steroid-binding specificity. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 85, 195-200.
- Tirabassi, G., Sudano, M., Salvio, G., Cutini, M., Muscogiuri, G., Corona, G., & Balercia, G. (2018). Vitamin D and male sexual function: A transversal and longitudinal study. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2018.
- Wankhede, S., Mohan, V., & Thakurdesai, P. (2016). Beneficial effects of fenugreek glycoside supplementation in male subjects during resistance training: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(2), 176-182.
- Bushey, B., Taylor, L. W., Wilborn, C.W., Poole, C., Foster, C.A., Campbell, B., Kreider, R.B. & Willoughby, D.S. (2009). Fenugreek extract supplementation has no effect on the hormonal profile of resistance-trained males. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 2(1), 13.
- Mulhall J.P., Trost L.W., Brannigan R.E., et al. (2018). Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: AUA guideline. The Journal of Urology, 200, 423.
- Naghii, M. R., Mofid, M., Asgari, A. R., Hedayati, M., & Daneshpour, M. S. (2011). Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 25(1), 54-58.
- Pilz, S., Frisch, S., Koertke, H., Kuhn, J., Dreier, J., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Wehr, E., & Zittermann, A. (2011). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 43(3), 223-225.
- Grech, A., Breck, J., & Heidelbaugh, J. (2014). Adverse effects of testosterone replacement therapy: An update on the evidence and controversy. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 5(5), 190-200.
- Ronde, W. D., & de Jong, F. H. (2010). Aromatase inhibitors in men: Effects and therapeutic options. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: RB&E, 9, 93.
- Zamir, A., Ben-Zeev, T., & Hoffman, J. R. (2021). Manipulation of Dietary Intake on Changes in Circulating Testosterone Concentrations. Nutrients, 13(10).
- Nassar, G.N., & Leslie, S.W. (2023). Physiology, testosterone. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
- Pope H.G., Kouri E.M., & Hudson J.I. (2000). Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57(2), 133-140.
- Badmaev, V., Majeed, M., & Prakash, L. (2000). Piperine derived from black pepper increases the plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 following oral supplementation. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11(2), 109-113.
- Chin, K. Y., Ima-Nirwana, S., & Wan Ngah, W. Z. (2015). Vitamin D is significantly associated with total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in Malaysian men. The Aging Male: The Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, 18(3), 175-179.
- Duncan, A., Yacoubian, C., Watson, N., et al. (2015). The risk of copper deficiency in patients prescribed zinc supplements. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 68, 723-725.
- Shoskes, J. J., Wilson, M. K., & Spinner, M. L. (2016). Pharmacology of testosterone replacement therapy preparations. Translational Andrology and Urology, 5(6), 834-843.
- Ory, J., Nackeeran, S., Balaji, N. C., Hare, J. M., & Ramasamy, A. R. (2022). Secondary polycythemia in men receiving testosterone therapy increases risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism in the first year of therapy. The Journal of urology, 207(6), 1295-1301.
- Abadilla, K. A., & Dobs, A. S. (2012). Topical testosterone supplementation for the treatment of male hypogonadism. Drugs, 72(12), 1591-1603.
- Basaria, S. (2014). Male hypogonadism. The Lancet, 383(9924), 1250–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61126-5
- Cinar, V., Polat, Y., Baltaci, A. K., & Mogulkoc, R. (2011). Effects of magnesium supplementation on testosterone levels of athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and after exhaustion. Biological Trace Element Research, 140(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8676-3
- Corona G, Isidori AM, Aversa A, Burnett AL, Maggi M. Endocrinologic Control of Men’s Sexual Desire and Arousal/Erection. J Sex Med. 2016 Mar;13(3):317-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.007. PMID: 26944463.
- David J Handelsman, Angelica L Hirschberg, Stephane Bermon, Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance, Endocrine Reviews, Volume 39, Issue 5, October 2018, Pages 803–829, https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00020
- Hayes LD, Herbert P, Sculthorpe NF, Grace FM. Exercise training improves free testosterone in lifelong sedentary aging men. Endocr Connect. 2017 Jul;6(5):306-310. doi: 10.1530/EC-17-0082. Epub 2017 May 17. PMID: 28515052; PMCID: PMC5510446.
- Lerchbaum E, Pilz S, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Pachernegg O, Heijboer AC, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Vitamin D and Testosterone in Healthy Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov 1;102(11):4292-4302. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01428. PMID: 28938446.
- Maggio M, Ceda GP, Lauretani F, Cattabiani C, Avantaggiato E, Morganti S, Ablondi F, Bandinelli S, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Paolisso G, Semba RD, Ferrucci L. Magnesium and anabolic hormones in older men. Int J Androl. 2011 Dec;34(6 Pt 2):e594-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01193.x. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PMID: 21675994; PMCID: PMC4623306.
- McCarty MF. High-dose pyridoxine as an 'anti-stress' strategy. Med Hypotheses. 2000 May;54(5):803-7. doi: 10.1054/mehy.1999.0955. PMID: 10859691.
- Morgentaler A. Testosterone and prostate cancer: an historical perspective on a modern myth. Eur Urol. 2006 Nov;50(5):935-9. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.06.034. Epub 2006 Jul 27. PMID: 16875775.
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. (2023). Zinc: Fact sheet for health professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/
- Panossian A, Wikman G. Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress-Protective Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2010 Jan 19;3(1):188-224. doi: 10.3390/ph3010188. PMID: 27713248; PMCID: PMC3991026.
- Smith SJ, Lopresti AL, Teo SYM, Fairchild TJ. Examining the Effects of Herbs on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;12(3):744-765. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa134. PMID: 33150931; PMCID: PMC8166567.
- European Food Safety Authority. (2017). Dietary reference values for nutrients. EFSA Journal, 15(3), e04780. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4780
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022). Dietary supplements: What you need to know. https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements

